SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT FOR THE SECTION
Subject: English
Grade: 10
Section: Capabilities of the Human Brain
Total Marks: 12
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
- 10.3.4 Evaluate and comment on the views of others in a growing variety of talk contexts on a growing range of general and curricular topics.
- 10.2.3 Understand the detail of an argument in unsupported extended talk on a wide range of general and curricular topics, including talk on a limited range of unfamiliar topics.
TASK 1. LISTENING
Total: 6 marks
Instructions: You will hear an extended talk about "Neuroplasticity and Lifelong Learning". Listen to the recording TWICE. Then complete the tasks below.
[Text for the teacher/transcript. Not to be shown to the student in the task sheet. To be read aloud or played as a recording at a moderate pace.]
"Good afternoon. Today, we're diving into one of the most revolutionary discoveries in neuroscience: neuroplasticity. For a long time, scientists believed the human brain was hardwired and unchangeable after childhood. However, recent research has completely overturned this view. Neuroplasticity refers to the brain's remarkable ability to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections throughout life.
This capability is fundamental to learning any new skill, whether it's mastering a language in your teens, learning to play an instrument in adulthood, or even recovering from a brain injury. The argument here is that our brain's potential is not fixed. Every time we learn something new, we are literally changing the physical structure of our brain. For instance, studies on London taxi drivers, who must memorize the city's complex layout, show they have a larger hippocampus – the area related to memory and navigation.
Critics of over-optimistic interpretations of neuroplasticity argue that while the brain is adaptable, there are limits. Age, genetics, and the effort required are significant factors. They caution against commercial programs that promise 'brain rewiring' with minimal effort. The core of the argument, however, remains empowering: sustained, focused practice and challenging mental activities are the keys to harnessing neuroplasticity. It's not about innate talent but about persistent, deliberate training that shapes our capabilities."
Questions:
1. Understanding the argument. Based on the talk, complete the following statements. (3 marks)
a) The old scientific view was that the brain was ________________________ after childhood.
b) Neuroplasticity is essential for activities such as ________________________ and ________________________.
c) The example of London taxi drivers is used to show how learning can change the size of the ________________________.
2. Evaluating details. According to the speaker, what are the two different viewpoints presented in the talk? (3 marks)
a) The main, empowering viewpoint:
b) The critical, cautionary viewpoint: